In the realm of forensic science, the identification and quantification of antibiotics in various samples play a crucial role in investigations related to drug-related crimes, poisoning, and medication misuse. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered considerable attention in recent years for their exceptional properties and diverse applications, including sensing and detection. This chapter explores the potential of MOFs as cutting-edge platforms for the detection of antibiotics in forensic samples. It discusses the underlying principles of MOF-based sensors, their fabrication techniques, and the mechanisms governing antibiotic sensing. Moreover, specific examples of MOF-based sensors for the detection of antibiotics are elucidated, highlighting their sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability in forensic analysis. Furthermore, the chapter addresses challenges and future prospects in the development and implementation of MOF-based sensors in forensic investigations, underscoring their significance in enhancing analytical capabilities and advancing forensic science methodologies.