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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the most used technique used for routing in such networks is hierarchical routing. The LEACH protocol is a protocol used in WSNs built on single-hop routing and extended later to multi-hop routing. This protocol is based on appointing a cluster head who is responsible for directing information from its members to the final receiver (the base station). However, because this protocol has some drawbacks, the developers have improved it with several enhancements. Recently, metaheuristic approaches have gained popularity as a means of improving the protocol. In this paper, we attempt to present the extent to which these techniques contribute to improving the effectiveness of the LEACH protocol, compare them, and determine whether they are exploitable in general applications.

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An Overview of Metaheuristic Techniques for Optimizing Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review Study

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mohammed Benhadji,
  • Mohammed Kaddi,
  • Mohammed Omari,
  • Aakila Lagouch

摘要

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the most used technique used for routing in such networks is hierarchical routing. The LEACH protocol is a protocol used in WSNs built on single-hop routing and extended later to multi-hop routing. This protocol is based on appointing a cluster head who is responsible for directing information from its members to the final receiver (the base station). However, because this protocol has some drawbacks, the developers have improved it with several enhancements. Recently, metaheuristic approaches have gained popularity as a means of improving the protocol. In this paper, we attempt to present the extent to which these techniques contribute to improving the effectiveness of the LEACH protocol, compare them, and determine whether they are exploitable in general applications.