Nanotechnology is an emerging field in the biological sciences. The development of nanomedicine is highly dependent on nanotechnology advancements. This interdisciplinary field combines knowledge of medicine and nanotechnology to innovate advanced approaches for disease diagnosis and treatment pathways. Nanomaterials exhibit novel physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that provide various application techniques in medicine and healthcare. Nowadays, different types of nanomaterials are being used against inflammatory diseases. Nanoparticles are in general made of metals, metal oxides, polymers, lipids, etc. Significant advancements in nanomedicine have raised the drug to a new level, with important implications for health care. Research on the enormous potential of nanotechnology in healthcare is necessary. In the medical field, a great deal of research is being conducted on optimal techniques and approaches. The conventional treatment has seen substantial advancement, and both nanotechnology and nanoparticle quality have improved and produced positive outcomes. The properties of nanomaterials that are explored for their medicinal applications are elaborated on in this chapter. For enhanced visibility, therapeutic nanoparticles are classified based on their application, chemical composition, and properties.