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Naproxen (NPX), a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is detected in water environments with concentration ranging from 173 µg/L to 2132 µg/L (Thalla, Vannarath in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192:1–13, 2020). The Predicted No Effect Concentration of naproxen is 0.15 mg/L. The conventional methods of Naproxen removal have several disadvantages. Although Advanced Oxidation Processes remove 98% to 100% of NPX, incomplete mineralization, formation of toxic intermediates, high equipment and operational costs are their limitations. Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs), wherein membrane separation integrated with photocatalytic degradation, are effective in removing these compounds from aqueous environments. Slurry PMRs exhibit high photodegradation and mineralization efficiencies than immobilized PMRs, due to larger surface area for adsorption which increases mass transfer (Rani et al. in Chem Eng Process 165, 2021). In this study, a slurry Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor (PMR) was evaluated for the degradation of Naproxen using zinc oxide as photocatalyst. The PMR consisted UF flat sheet polyethersulphone membrane (305 mm × 305 mm, MWCO 100 kDa) and UV-C lamp (16 W, 1.54 W/m2). The membrane was rolled into cylinder around the UV-C lamp with double layered quartz glass tube to protect it from direct contact with solution through which water was recirculated to prevent thermal effect. The working volume of reactor was 2.1 L. The effect of initial naproxen concentration (5–25 mg/L), pH (5–9), and ZnO dosage (0.2-1 g/L) were studied for 3 h. NPX removal was 40% and 53% by photolysis and dark adsorption processes, respectively. The maximum degradation at 180 min was 51% and 87% under photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and PMR, respectively, in the optimum conditions of NPX 20 mg/L, ZnO 0.5 g/L, and pH 7.3. The PMR was found to be 1.5 times more effective than PCO in the same experimental conditions. The maximum degradation of naproxen was 99%, and the corresponding TOC removal was 66% at 270 min in PMR.

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Evaluation of a Slurry Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor on Degradation of Naproxen

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • S. Karthikeyan,
  • C. Preethi,
  • R. Kathirvel

摘要

Naproxen (NPX), a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is detected in water environments with concentration ranging from 173 µg/L to 2132 µg/L (Thalla, Vannarath in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192:1–13, 2020). The Predicted No Effect Concentration of naproxen is 0.15 mg/L. The conventional methods of Naproxen removal have several disadvantages. Although Advanced Oxidation Processes remove 98% to 100% of NPX, incomplete mineralization, formation of toxic intermediates, high equipment and operational costs are their limitations. Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs), wherein membrane separation integrated with photocatalytic degradation, are effective in removing these compounds from aqueous environments. Slurry PMRs exhibit high photodegradation and mineralization efficiencies than immobilized PMRs, due to larger surface area for adsorption which increases mass transfer (Rani et al. in Chem Eng Process 165, 2021). In this study, a slurry Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor (PMR) was evaluated for the degradation of Naproxen using zinc oxide as photocatalyst. The PMR consisted UF flat sheet polyethersulphone membrane (305 mm × 305 mm, MWCO 100 kDa) and UV-C lamp (16 W, 1.54 W/m2). The membrane was rolled into cylinder around the UV-C lamp with double layered quartz glass tube to protect it from direct contact with solution through which water was recirculated to prevent thermal effect. The working volume of reactor was 2.1 L. The effect of initial naproxen concentration (5–25 mg/L), pH (5–9), and ZnO dosage (0.2-1 g/L) were studied for 3 h. NPX removal was 40% and 53% by photolysis and dark adsorption processes, respectively. The maximum degradation at 180 min was 51% and 87% under photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and PMR, respectively, in the optimum conditions of NPX 20 mg/L, ZnO 0.5 g/L, and pH 7.3. The PMR was found to be 1.5 times more effective than PCO in the same experimental conditions. The maximum degradation of naproxen was 99%, and the corresponding TOC removal was 66% at 270 min in PMR.