Stone or sand column is a widely employed ground improvement technique applicable in different soils to increase shear strength, settlement reduction, and liquefaction potential. The main aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of stone columns in clay, silt, and layered soil configurations, including combinations with clay at the top and silt at the bottom, as well as vice versa. To investigate the performance of stone columns, a series of eight radial consolidation tests were conducted. These tests aimed to analyze the deformation and the radial coefficient of consolidation (Cr) surrounding a fully penetrated stone column. The test was carried out in a fabricated consolidation mold of 100 mm diameter and 40 mm height. The column geometry was adopted with the cell to column diameter ratio, N of 4. The effect of different soil layers on the load-deformation, time-dependent settlement, time rate of consolidation, and the failure pattern of stone columns in clay, silt, and layered soils were studied. It was observed that the lowest settlement reduction occurred when the soft clay layer was positioned at the top, while the highest rate of consolidation was observed in both layered soil combinations. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the behavior of stone columns installed in different soil configurations and their failure mechanism.