Polyhydroxyalkanoates are commonly used for the production of biodegradable plastics. The commonly used bioplastics are poly lactic acid, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxy butyrate valerate, 1,4-butanediol, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), P3,4-HB Terephthalic acid. Mathematical modeling, genetic engineering of production strains, bioprocess optimization, and scale-up strategies have been reported for the improvement of PHA production. This report will look at various bioprocess strategies available for the improved production of PHA from bacteria such as the study of biosynthesis and degradation, use of gram-positive bacteria, fermentation optimization, fed-batch culture in shake flask and bioreactor, novel extraction tools using nonchlorinated and cheaper solvents. The report will also discuss various biomedical applications and finally the studies on PHB production using microbial fermentation.