The need to reduce degradation of the environment and meet the growing demand for biodegradable materials worldwide has led to a greater focus on investigating substitute feedstocks for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Plentiful and frequently neglected source of carbon for PHA synthesis, agro-industrial waste offers a greener option than conventional carbon sources. Numerous researchers have discovered a variety of microbial strains that may transform agro-industrial waste into PHAs, coupled with optimization techniques to increase PHA yields. PHAs are desirable materials for tackling biotechnological and biomedical challenges while concurrently lowering environmental impact due to their biocompatibility, variable degradation rates, antibacterial characteristics, and sustainability. This integrated paradigm promotes the shift to a circular bioeconomy while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact of disposing of agro-industrial waste. This chapter underscores the potential of harnessing agro-industrial waste for both economic and environmental benefits in the production and application of PHAs. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of PHAs derived from agro-industrial waste are highlighted, including systems for drug delivery, medical implants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and wound dressings.