The Indian construction sector has become one of the fastest growing industries in the recent years, and is increasingly confronted with significant challenges. These include the rapid depletion of natural resources such as sand, stone, and aggregates. On the other hand, huge amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW), especially concrete aggregates are also generated. In the current scenario, the CDW is mostly dumped into landfills posing serious environmental concerns. The present study investigates whether CDW can serve as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates in Indian road construction. The study explores the impact of pre-treating CDW with silica fume solution (SFS) and sodium silicate solution (SSS) on its mechanical properties for pavement applications. Solutions of SFS and SSS with varying concentrations by weight of CDW were prepared for treatment purposes. CDW samples were soaked in varying concentrations of SFS (i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and SSS (i.e., 6, 8, 10, and 12%). The effectiveness of these treatment methods was evaluated through a series of standard tests (viz., water absorption, aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing strength, Los Angeles abrasion value, slake durability index, and California bearing ratio). Based up on the obtained results, 15% of silica fume solution and 10% of sodium silicate solution were found to be the optimum limit for CDW treatment.