This investigation is conducted as a case study in the open cast mine area (Majri). The scientific evaluation and technical approach to the potential use of in-mine quarry dust to replace cohesive non-swelling (CNS) soil to be used in the base/subbase section for the by-pass road construction along the periphery of the mine area. According to the cross-section of the road, the requisite thickness of the sand (non-swelling) layer is 0.3 m. It is a well-known fact that in Central India, the base or subbase material availability is skewed due to the large deposits of black cotton soil, which is considered problematic because of its swell-shrink behavior with changes in moisture content. The codal provisions demand constructing a base or subbase layer of the road using cohesive-frictional material of non-swelling nature. The study includes detailed characterization of pavement geomaterials like heavy compaction test (HCT), specific gravity test, particle size analysis, California bearing ratio (CBR), permeability test, and bulking of sand as per the prevailing specifications/guidelines of the codes. The obtained results are compared with the material selection criteria of MORTH and IRC SP:20 (2002). Optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), specific gravity, California bearing ratio (CBR), and permeability of the quarry dust are within the permissible limit. To summarize, the in-mine quarry dust test results qualify the base/subbase material requirements to be used as a potential replacement for sand/non-swelling material.