Valorization of municipal solid waste as Anthropogenic Resource (AnthRes) will reduce the burden on mining natural resources and avoid geoenvironmental pollution caused by their unscientific disposal. The residues generated from the mining of landfills and dumpsites, known as landfill-mined residues (LMRs), are one such waste. Incidentally, the soil-like material, namely LandFill-Mined-Soil-like-Fractions (LFMSF), produced from landfill mining activity accounts to ≈ 40–70% by weight of the LMRs, should be considered, and utilized, as AnthRes in achieving the Sustainable development goals. With this in view, several LFMSF samples were characterized, and it was realized that these samples are organic matter (OM) and inorganic carbon-rich, as expected. Hence, they can be used as a buffer material to treat soils exhibiting extreme pH values and enhance nutrient-holding capacity. In this context, a comprehensive methodology has been developed to establish LFMSF as a buffer for the amendment of soils. Furthermore, the LFMSF can be used as a structural fill material, provided it is found to be stable that is devoid of emerging contaminants (viz., microplastics (MPs), per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, etc.). Hence, it is necessary to determine the concentration of these contaminants in the LFMSF. In this context, a methodology to extract, characterize and quantify the presence of MPs in LFMSF has been developed, and its details are presented. Based on the availability of enormous amounts of MPs in LFMSF, it is opined that the best option would be to use it as a filler in the polymer composites manufactured from plastics in landfills. In short, this work provides insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the valorization of the LFMSF and the way forward to conduct further research.