This paper considers the interconnection between green employment, corporate social responsibility and technological progress, presented by technologies of Industry 4.0. Emphasis is made on their influence on the reduction of the gap between the markets of higher education and work. We use a multidisciplinary approach, which combines the theories of employment and the market of work, scientific and technological progress, and development of Industry 4.0, as well as the concepts of social responsibility and the gap between the markets of work and higher education. This paper considers theoretical foundations and conceptual provisions of corporate social responsibility and green employment from the position of their impact on the market of work and the system of education in conditions of Industry 4.0. The role and specifics of technologies of Industry 4.0 are characterized, the parameters of interaction between the social, economic, and environmental processes are determined, their influence on the development of mankind is revealed, the types of green employment are considered and characterized, and the directions for the development of green skills in new professions, which form under the influence of technical changes in conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, are substantiated. The main value of this paper consists in the generalization and substantiation of the direction for the development of green employment and strengthening of corporate social responsibility due to the wider use of the possibilities of Industry 4.0 and an increase in the level of eco-friendliness of university graduates to raise mankind’s potential for the green transition.