Vibration-assisted polishing (VAP) is an advanced precision polishing technique that enhances conventional polishing processes by incorporating high-frequency or low-frequency vibrations to optimize material removal and surface finishing. By applying vibrations to either the workpiece or the polishing tool, this technique promotes more uniform and efficient relative motion of abrasive particles across the contact surface. As a result, VAP effectively minimizes surface defects such as scratches, enhances polishing efficiency, and mitigates subsurface damage. Moreover, it enables high-precision surface shaping, making it a valuable technique for applications requiring superior surface quality and dimensional accuracy. In recent years, vibration-assisted polishing has garnered increasing attention from researchers worldwide. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of VAP technology, detailing its fundamental principles, material removal mechanisms, and various vibration generation methods, including low-frequency, high-frequency, and ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrations. Additionally, it explores hybrid polishing techniques that integrate electrochemical, magnetorheological, and magnetic abrasive processes. Key applications of VAP in aerospace, biomedical, and automotive industries are also discussed, along with insights into emerging trends and future research directions in this field. This chapter serves as a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in precision machining, surface finishing, and advanced manufacturing.