Laser polishing has been considered as cutting-edge non-contact subtractive technique which significantly enhances surface integrity through targeted reduction of topographical irregularities and augmentation of mechanical characteristics. Contemporary optimization frameworks incorporating computational modeling approaches such as response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) demonstrate exceptional capability in predicting surface roughness evolution and thermodynamic stability under varied processing conditions. Advanced in situ monitoring systems, integrating hyperspectral thermal imaging and pyrometric analysis, provide real-time process control with spatial resolution exceeding 10 μm, enabling precise prediction of surface morphology evolution. This non-contact technique offers unparalleled advantages for complex freeform surfaces in both additive manufacturing components and precision-machined parts with minimal subsurface damage.