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The expansion of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in clinically significant bacteria is becoming a global concern for human health and the world economy. MDR (Multidrug Resistance) microorganisms produce infections that are resistant to antimicrobials, which restricts the available therapeutic alternatives. As a result, the patient’s clinical state deteriorates, their hospital stay in critical care increases, and their mortality rate rises. Biofilms, resilient microbial communities encased in a protective matrix, contribute significantly to the escalating challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) patterns. Functioning as microbial metropolises, biofilms facilitate the exchange of genetic material and cooperative resistance strategies among diverse bacterial species. The slimy matrix they generate serves as a formidable defense, impeding the penetration of antibiotics and fostering persistent resistance. This resilience, coupled with the evolutionary pressure imposed by widespread antibiotic use, amplifies the prevalence of AMR and XDR within biofilm-associated microorganisms. The increasing trend of AMR and XDR within biofilms is intricately linked to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. As selective pressure mounts due to the widespread application of antimicrobial agents, biofilm-associated bacteria evolve to survive and propagate resistance. This poses a serious threat to public health as infections caused by these resilient biofilm communities become more challenging to treat. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms contributing to the resistance of biofilms to antimicrobials and the increasing patterns of AMR and XDR. Integrated farming systems (IFS) with their current load of pathogens are facing a tremendous problem in coping with the increasing resistance issues. One health approach is now aiming to address the current rise in infections and indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resulting in environmental pollution in all sectors, including animal husbandry, fisheries, and nosocomial infections.

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Biofilms and Their Increasing Trend in AMR Patterns in Integrated Farming Systems

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Arghyadeep Bhattacharjee,
  • Debolina Chatterjee,
  • Tapti Sengupta

摘要

The expansion of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in clinically significant bacteria is becoming a global concern for human health and the world economy. MDR (Multidrug Resistance) microorganisms produce infections that are resistant to antimicrobials, which restricts the available therapeutic alternatives. As a result, the patient’s clinical state deteriorates, their hospital stay in critical care increases, and their mortality rate rises. Biofilms, resilient microbial communities encased in a protective matrix, contribute significantly to the escalating challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) patterns. Functioning as microbial metropolises, biofilms facilitate the exchange of genetic material and cooperative resistance strategies among diverse bacterial species. The slimy matrix they generate serves as a formidable defense, impeding the penetration of antibiotics and fostering persistent resistance. This resilience, coupled with the evolutionary pressure imposed by widespread antibiotic use, amplifies the prevalence of AMR and XDR within biofilm-associated microorganisms. The increasing trend of AMR and XDR within biofilms is intricately linked to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. As selective pressure mounts due to the widespread application of antimicrobial agents, biofilm-associated bacteria evolve to survive and propagate resistance. This poses a serious threat to public health as infections caused by these resilient biofilm communities become more challenging to treat. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms contributing to the resistance of biofilms to antimicrobials and the increasing patterns of AMR and XDR. Integrated farming systems (IFS) with their current load of pathogens are facing a tremendous problem in coping with the increasing resistance issues. One health approach is now aiming to address the current rise in infections and indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resulting in environmental pollution in all sectors, including animal husbandry, fisheries, and nosocomial infections.