In the context of global climate change, substation, as a key link of power transmission and distribution, has attracted much attention on its carbon emission. This paper reviews the research progress of substation carbon emission assessment model. Firstly, the application of the whole life cycle cost assessment model in substation is reviewed and analyzed, not only focusing on economic cost, but also gradually taking environmental impact into consideration. Secondly, the comprehensive optimization evaluation model is summarized and analyzed, the comprehensive evaluation of low carbon by multi-level index system is explored, and the application of fuzzy mathematics and cloud model is reviewed. Then, based on the development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, the application of data-driven evaluation model at the present stage is reviewed. Finally, three evaluation models are summarized and analyzed, which provides scientific basis for substation green design and carbon reduction strategy.