KQ 8.1, 8.2 The larynx and pharynx are organs essential for survival functions, such as respiration, phonation, and oral intake. Postsurgical complications arising from malignant neoplasms in these regions can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life, prolonging hospitalization. In this chapter, we share methods to address potential postoperative complications, such as pharyngocutaneous fistula, tracheal stenosis, pharyngoesophageal stricture, and issues related to voice prosthesis (PROVOX). KQ 8.3 This chapter comprehensively addresses the prevention and management of pharyngoesophageal stenosis following total laryngectomy or laryngopharyngectomy. Pharyngoesophageal stenosis poses significant concerns due to its impact on swallowing function and nutritional intake. Strategies for prevention encompass primary closure techniques, cricopharyngeal myotomy, and flap reconstruction choices, with incidence and risk factors playing a pivotal role in shaping management decisions. KQ 8.4 Inserting a voice prosthesis in a surgically created tracheoesophageal puncture remains the most effective method for voice rehabilitation following total laryngectomy. However, complications related to the prosthesis may arise, impacting speech and overall quality of life. Long-term care of the tracheoesophageal puncture site and routine replacement of the voice prosthesis are generally applied to address these problems.