This paper reviews research on integrating hydrogen production and storage systems (HPSS) into microgrids. HPSS includes three main components: water electrolysis for hydrogen production, storage equipment, and hydrogen-fueled power generation devices. Optimizing the coordinated control of these components enhances distributed energy systems’ flexibility and microgrids’ resilience. The review covers HPSS fundamentals, design requirements, control strategies, and performance assessments in microgrid settings. It highlights the adaptability of electrolysis systems in peak and frequency regulation and their roles in energy storage and load balancing. The study stresses the need for standardized design requirements for operational stability and safety and the importance of optimizing control algorithms for efficient hydrogen integration. Additionally, the performance evaluation focuses on multi-objective optimization, considering economic, reliability, and environmental factors to create a resilient energy system that meets energy storage needs.