In order to enhance the arc ablation resistance lifespan of the electrode blocks in the arcing devices within electromagnetic launchers, this paper analyzes the arc ablation resistance characteristics of copper-based composite materials under high current conditions. The simulation investigates the arc evolution and temperature variations during discharge of specific copper-based materials under various structural conditions. Pulse current discharge experiments of at least 100 kA are conducted on the same tungsten-copper composite materials under different structural conditions, as well as on three different copper-based composite materials under similar conditions. The results reveal that electrodes with sharper discharge arc faces exhibit more concentrated temperatures, resulting in more severe single-point ablation. Conversely, smoother discharge arc faces lead to reduced ablation amount and rate of the electrode blocks, indicating improved ablation resistance. Copper-tungsten composite material demonstrates significantly superior arc ablation resistance compared to copper-chromium and copper-alumina composite materials. This paper offers valuable insights for designing structures and materials with arc ablation resistance under high current discharge conditions.