Agriculture accounts for over 70% of freshwater withdrawals globally, yet water and food insecurity remain prevalent. The challenge of water insecurity is compounded by climate change, rapid urbanisation, and the need to increase the agricultural area to produce more crops to meet the growing needs of an increasing population. Improving crop water productivity at the farm level is key to resource security and climate change adaptation and resilience as it enhances the production of more food with less water. This summary chapter provides a brief overview of each chapter in this book, highlighting the pathways to improved crop-water productivity in both rainfed and irrigated cropping systems. Specifically, the major highlight is that water productivity can be enhanced by practicing well-adapted climate-smart crop types that have the potential to reduce unproductive water losses and, at the same time, maintain healthy and suitably adapted crops that optimise water, nutrient, and agronomic management.