Social work research in the twenty-first century is rapidly growing because of advancements in technology, approaches and methods. Furthermore, growing social problems require new research and findings to address the social issues that hinder the growth and development of our global society. The evidence-based literature presented in this chapter results from analytic reviews, theoretical articles, and evaluation studies that provide an understanding of the most recent developments in the area of social work research; methods, approaches and techniques; and challenges in conducting social work research.