Landslide Susceptibility Zonation with Reference to 2023 Land Subsidence in Joshimath, India
摘要
The present study proposes to investigate the landslide susceptibility with reference to the 2023 land subsidence in Joshimath, India. In 2023, several newly developed cracks on the slopes were observed due to land subsidence, which may lead to shallow to deep landslides in the near future. In this study, a comprehensive Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used for developing landslide Susceptibility Zonation (LSZ) mapping. Ancillary data such as slope, geology, geomorphology, lithology, rainfall, temperature, lineament density, drainage density, soil risk, normalized difference vegetation index, topographic wetness index, seismic heatmap, and land use and land cover are considered to prepare the LSZ map. The weights of these factors and their classes were obtained accordingly using the AHP approach. Every AHP matrix has a consistency ratio (CR) value that is deemed acceptable (0.06). Weights obtained using the AHP approach were in line with the field conditions as reported by the Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Authority (USDMA), Geological Survey of India (GSI), and other agencies in 2023. A map of the susceptibility to landslides was produced by integrating the weights of each element using the weighted sum technique. The LSZ map is classified into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high classes. The present multi-criteria decision analysis using AHP indicates that the middle and eastern parts of Manoharbagh and Singhdhar, the middle of Marwadi, and the north-western part of Upper Bazar and Lower Bazar wards are very highly susceptible to landslides. Few parts of Gandhinagar, Sunil, Parsari, and Ravigram are highly susceptible to landslides.