Embankment dams serve as critical infrastructure for water storage and flood control. Seismic vulnerability of these dams is an important issue of engineering concern. In this paper a comprehensive review of seismic behavior of embankment dams with a particular focus on the impact of liquefaction has been carried out. Liquefaction-induced failure poses a significant threat to the stability of embankment dams during seismic events. There are numerous instances of earthquake-induced damage to earthen dams. Some of the large dams, which have failed during earthquake, are Sheffield dam and Lower San Fernando Dam in California. The Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001, in India, had notable effects on numerous water-retaining earthen dams due to earthquake-induced liquefaction. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of earthquakes on embankment dams. These investigations have led to the development of various methods for assessing dam stability and deformation during seismic events. Further, the paper provides a thorough overview of various measures and mitigation strategies designed to strengthen embankment dams against challenges induced by liquefaction. Thus, this paper will illustrate the state-of-the-art in this important area of research.