This chapter examines the interplay of sexology, birth control, and nationalism in colonial Bengal. It explores how amateur Bengali sexologists like Abul Hasanat and Nripendrakumar Basu, in the first half of the twentieth century, appropriated Western or Euro-American theories surrounding sex to construct a distinct sexology suited to the needs and interests of Bengali society. Birth control was framed as essential for economic stability, improving women’s health, and producing “quality” children to strengthen the nation. Apart from providing channels to express anxieties about caste, class, and religion, interestingly, however, for these sexologists, birth control also served as a tool for strengthening family units as they encouraged ‘happy’ and ‘healthy’ conjugal lives for heterosexual couples. Although these ideas surrounding ‘healthy sex lives’ were appropriated mainly from the likes of Havelock Ellis and others and thus reconfigured in the process, this chapter contends that the ultimate goal was still nation-building; even concerns for women’s sexual pleasure and health were also a part of the nationalist pursuit.