Given the important role and significance of smart wheelchairs in helping elderly people move and improving their navigation ability in complex environments with dynamic obstacles, this paper studies a comprehensive method based on laser vision mapping and navigation to improve the environment perception and navigation ability of smart wheelchairs. We use V-LOAM for environmental mapping and mix visual and liDAR data for high-precision map construction. For global path planning, we improve the A* algorithm, introduce heuristic function optimization and path smoothing, and improve the planning efficiency and path quality. For local obstacle avoidance, the dynamic window algorithm (DWA) is used to respond to environmental changes in real time to ensure safety. The results of the experiment demonstrate that this approach excels in constructing maps, planning global paths, and avoiding local obstacles. Furthermore, it enhances the navigation capabilities of intelligent wheelchairs within dynamic environments. In the future, we will further optimize and expand the application scenario to verify its wide applicability and robustness.