What happened in Dersim in 1937–38, in the early years of the Turkish Republic, is no longer a secret. In recent decades, Dersim has been recognised as at least a state-led “massacre”, mass graves have been discovered, and written and oral testimonies of both victims and perpetrators have come to light. However, a clear definition and recognition of this genocide, as well as reconciliation and restorative justice initiatives, are still missing. Moreover, Dersim remained a zone of conflict and destruction in the following decades, especially in the early 1990s and after the collapse of the Kurdish peace process in 2015. Against this backdrop, this chapter delves into the history of Dersim in the first 100 years of modern Turkey to expose the continuities of state-led destruction and discusses the future of this resilient part of Turkey in its second century.