The widespread application of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has profoundly transformed modern industrial production methods. However, the large scale of industrial data, the diversity of data sources, and the heterogeneity of data structures make data maintenance exceptionally challenging. The editability techniques have been introduced into blockchain to leverage its distributed and editable features for data maintenance and management. However, existing solutions mainly focus on achieving editability while overlooking data management personnel’s privacy protection and lacking effective modification verification mechanisms to ensure data reliability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a verifiable decentralized data modification mechanism supporting accountability (DDMA) for securing IIoT. Our DDMA mechanism not only achieves the redactability of blockchain but also protects the privacy of data management personnel and provides reliable clues for subsequent accountability. Additionally, the DDMA mechanism offers an efficient method for modification verification, enabling rapid validation of whether on-chain data has been modified. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that DDMA meets the requirements of modification authorization, behavior traceability, and efficient modification verification. Experimental results indicate that DDMA can reduce modification and verification overheads.