In the studies of climate change, the intensity, frequency, and duration of heatwave situations have escalated and are projected to continuously worsen in coming years, leading to detrimental effects on ecosystems, infrastructure, public health, and social life. To effectively mitigate the adverse effects of heatwaves and foster sustainable development, it is essential for urban areas to prioritize the consideration of the concept of “heatwave resilience”. However, the current approaches to addressing heatwave resilience, including its assessment, monitoring, and forecast, are still in the early phase and need further development. In this chapter, we structured the content into six sections. We begin by introducing the background and significance of heatwave resilience and elaborating on related concepts and their significance. Next, we illustrate the impacts of heatwaves on modern cities. We then delve into the assessment framework and methods of heatwave resilience based on its key determinants, followed by a discussion on the monitoring methods, tools, and platforms available. We also survey the forecasting methods, highlighting various predictive model frameworks that enhance preparedness for heatwave impacts. Lastly, we discuss future directions and possibilities for building heatwave resilience. We have put forth a set of suggestions and implications for policy-makers to address heatwave resilience, which serves as a novel paradigm for appraising prospective policy shifts, government grants, and community education engagements. This holds significance for maintaining sustainable urban development as well as public health and social justice.