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This chapter continues to delve into pediatric ophthalmology, beginning with an exploration of exotropia, including its causes, diagnosis, and management. It also discusses divergent strabismus (DVD) and its implications for binocular vision. The chapter then addresses incomitant ocular motor apraxia (IOOA), emphasizing its impact on ocular alignment and movement. Rare syndromes such as congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOMs), monocular elevation deficiency (MED), and Möbius syndrome are examined, highlighting their clinical features and associated ocular anomalies. Finally, the chapter discusses nystagmus, detailing its various types, underlying causes, and management strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of these conditions, the chapter aims to enhance understanding and improve outcomes in pediatric ophthalmic care.

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Clinical Review of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus: Part II

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nisreen Abushehab,
  • Jamila G. Hiasat,
  • Saif Aldeen Alryalat,
  • Almutez Gharaibeh

摘要

This chapter continues to delve into pediatric ophthalmology, beginning with an exploration of exotropia, including its causes, diagnosis, and management. It also discusses divergent strabismus (DVD) and its implications for binocular vision. The chapter then addresses incomitant ocular motor apraxia (IOOA), emphasizing its impact on ocular alignment and movement. Rare syndromes such as congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOMs), monocular elevation deficiency (MED), and Möbius syndrome are examined, highlighting their clinical features and associated ocular anomalies. Finally, the chapter discusses nystagmus, detailing its various types, underlying causes, and management strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of these conditions, the chapter aims to enhance understanding and improve outcomes in pediatric ophthalmic care.