This chapter explores a range of retinal conditions, starting with hereditary retinal dystrophies. It categorizes these dystrophies into diffuse types, including rod-dominant and cone-dominant syndromes, and choroidal syndromes, detailing their genetic underpinnings and clinical manifestations. The chapter then examines retinopathy associated with systemic diseases, discussing conditions such as vitamin A deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, Refsum disease, Jalili syndrome, albinism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and others. Each condition is analyzed for its impact on retinal health. Next, the chapter addresses retinopathy related to drug toxicities, focusing on specific medications such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, thioridazine, tamoxifen, sildenafil, and interferon, highlighting their potential retinal side effects. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion on retinal detachment, covering its types, causes, clinical features, and management strategies. This comprehensive overview support readers with critical insights into hereditary and acquired retinal conditions.