This chapter explores diseases of the sclera and conjunctiva, detailing their diverse presentations and causes, including infections, autoimmune disorders, drug reactions, and tumors. While many conditions are benign, some can threaten vision, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and management. Key conditions discussed include episcleritis, scleritis (and its subtypes), conjunctivitis, degenerative disorders, and neoplasms. Each condition is systematically presented, covering definition, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and management strategies. Comparative tables and high-yield notes enhance understanding. A further readings section provides references for readers interested in more detailed information, ensuring a comprehensive overview of scleral and conjunctival disorders.