Humans act upon goals that come from thinking. The survival of other living things involves trial and error at the cost of their lives, often at the cost of large-scale individual deaths, sometimes even at the risk of the extinction of the species. Humans, on the other hand, are superior in that they have a thinking laboratory in which trial and error are carried out through theorizing instead of risking their lives. Admittedly, human beings do make mistakes, but the benefits of theorizing put them above other living things by avoiding repeating the same costly mistakes.