Targeted poverty alleviation is a milestone innovation in the world history of poverty alleviation. The practice has delivered successful outcomes in lifting the poor population and counties out of poverty, through policies for targeted individuals and households and mobilizing resources to accomplish major tasks. In the process, it has also had a positive impact on social development and administrative management. In addition, China has achieved the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ten years ahead of schedule through its poverty alleviation efforts, providing Chinese approaches to address poverty for the world.