Heavy metals, medicines, personal care products (PPCPs), ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and fluoride are among the principal contaminants that have recently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of waste treatment. Both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, especially aquatic habitats, have been reported to contain increasing concentrations of pharmaceutical contaminants. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to cure pharmaceutical contaminants. Hospital effluents, industrial byproducts, animal dung, and irrigated farmland are the most common entry points for pharmaceutical contaminants. The most devastating effect of these contaminants on all forms of life is the rise of bacteria and other microbes that are resistant to antibiotics; this phenomenon is referred to as “superbugs.” The healthcare community is worried about antibiotic resistance because it makes infections harder to treat. Both adsorption and advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) are capable of removing chemicals with medicinal activity. It is common practice to employ carbon-based products such as activated carbon, biochar, and black carbon for the adsorptive removal of chemicals with medicinal properties. More and more people are interested in using engineered biochars (biochars that have been physically, chemically, or biologically changed) and composites of these materials to improve the efficacy of drug adsorption. Biochar offers greater economic benefits than other carbon compounds due to its excellent adsorption capacity and persulfate activation ability, as well as its inexpensive cost and ease of acquisition. The use of composites based on biochar for the extraction of medicinally active substances has been emphasised in this chapter. On top of that, we have outlined the primary assault sites on several pharmaceutical pollutants and the biochar adsorption mechanism for a number of these contaminants.