The structure of the variable stator vane (VSV) mechanism in aero-engines is complex. It is of great significance to investigate the dynamic response and force under aerodynamic loads and high-temperature conditions through experimental study. Based on the prototype of the VSV mechanism, a principle-level mechanism is designed by extracting typical motion components, and design schemes are proposed to simulate its motion functionality, drive system, aerodynamic load, and temperature condition simulation. Using the constructed principle-level experimental system, an experimental study is conducted on the motion function and dynamic response of the mechanism, as well as the driving torque under aerodynamic loads and high-temperature conditions. The results show that the designed principle-level experimental system can effectively simulate the adjustment process of VSV, as well as simulate aerodynamic loads and temperature conditions. The magnitude of aerodynamic load exerts the most substantial impact on the driving force of the mechanism, and there is an approximate linear relationship between the driving torque and radial load. The influence of temperature on the mechanism cannot be ignored, as evidenced by a marked increase in driving torque when the temperature rises to 200 °C. The driving speed also affects the driving force of the mechanism. Increasing the vane rotation speed during continuous adjustment reduces the driving torque but also decreases the stability of the mechanism.