Bio-based foam sorbents require thorough characterization to understand their suitability for oil spill remediation. This chapter provides a detailed review of the various techniques used to evaluate the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of these materials. It covers spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as microscopy techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The chapter also explores elemental composition analysis, thermal analysis, mechanical property testing, and surface and pore analysis. Techniques for measuring crystallinity and adsorption properties are also discussed. In addition to characterization methods, the chapter emphasizes key performance metrics, including oil sorption capacity, hydrophobicity, recyclability, and chemical stability. These metrics are crucial for assessing the effectiveness and durability of bio-based foam sorbents in practical applications. The chapter ultimately provides a comprehensive understanding of how these properties and performance indicators contribute to the successful use of bio-based foam sorbents in oil spill remediation.