This paper describes an experimental study to evaluate the ground motion response due to pile driving. The word “pile driving” refers to pile casing driving with impact loading. Pile driving is a complex process in which numerous factors can affect the ground motion amplitude. The simulation of pile driving in a laboratory model study has been carried out to study the effects of important governing parameters on peak particle velocity (PPV). The parameters considered in this study are the changes in soil placement conditions, pile sectional properties, pile driving depth, and propagation distance. This model study uses air-dried homogeneous cohesionless soil as a bed material with distinct relative densities, such as 27.30%, 51.82%, and 79.50%. The three-pile casing sectional properties from the field study have been considered in the modal analysis to evaluate the model parameters. The scale ratio \(\left({\text{S}}_{\text{R}}\right)\) for the different model parameters (like the tank dimension, the mass of the hammer, height of fall, length of pile, cross-sectional area, and section modulus) have been determined using the Buckingham pi method. In this study, the effects of change in vibration energy by radial distance, pile impedance, pile driving depth, and relative density of soil on peak particle velocity has been determined. Based on the present study, it was found that the increase in radial distance from 0.4 to 1.6 m has been caused by decreases in the PPV value by 32–67%. As a result of increases in pile impedance value from 4.2 to 6.0 (kN s/m), the corresponding PPV value has been increased by 25–113%. Similarly, the increase in pile driving depth from 0.45 to 0.89 m and relative density of the soil from 27.30 to 79.50% caused by increasing in PPV value by 13–46% and 24–169%. Finally, the relationship between PPV and vibration energy by radial distance, pile impedance, pile driving depth, and relative density of soil has been expressed for the field application.