Due to the accumulation effect, the accumulation of small deformations in the transformer coil structure caused by each short-circuit impulse might result in the emergence of malfunctions or issues with the transformer. In this research article, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken to evaluate the cumulative deformation behavior of insulation paperboard utilized in coil structures. This was achieved by conducting a series of tests that simulated the impact force experienced during short-circuit events. The cumulative deformation characteristics of the insulation materials was obtained. The test sample was selected from a 2 mm insulating cardboard used for transformer coils, and a load loading test was conducted. The displacement generated by each group of impacts was recorded, and the influence of factors such as temperature, frequency, and short-circuit force amplitude on the cumulative deformation of insulation components was analyzed. Experimental results indicate significant cumulative deformation of insulating paperboard under multiple impacts, with deformation increasing with impact frequency. Deformation differs under varied pressures, evident in varying decrement rates on deformation-test curve. Elastic deformation varies under constant pressure, exhibiting cumulative effect. Under short-circuit impacts, cumulative deformation over extended periods was non-negligible.