During the process of water electrolysis,changes in temperature, current, pressure and other physical quantities will affect the process of hydrogen production from water electrolysis to a greater or lesser extent. At present, the current technology of hydrogen production by water electrolysis includes alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis for hydrogen production. This paper firstly introduces the working principles of the three electrolytic water, and then through the effective modeling and comparative analysis of alkaline electrolyzer, proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEM) and high temperature solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC), we study the U-I characteristics and power characteristics etc. under the stable operation, and finally, we make a comparison of the main parameters and performance indexes of the three types of electrolytic water production to get the characteristic features specific to each electrolytic method. In order to improve the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolyzer and reduce the operation cost to a certain extent in the subsequent optimization study.