This paper delves into the symbolic meaning and social function of the bronze trees unearthed at the Sanxingdui site, an archaeological discovery  that has captured scholars worldwide. The Sanxingdui artifacts, including a huge human figure, many masks and divine trees, present significant challenges to interpretation due to their complex and enigmatic nature. Drawing on religions anthropology and shaman art, the paper suggestes that the bronze trees, with their intricate design of birds and dragons, represent symbolic communication between the human realm and the divine, indicative of the theocratic and shamanistic nature of the Sanxingdui culture. Various hypotheses, such as the Fusang and Ruomu trees or the totem pole theories, have been proposed to explain the trees, but the paper posits that these divine trees are more likely representation of a shamanistic tree used in ritual to bridge the gap between Heaven and Earth. The birds on the branches symbolize spirits or deities facilitating this communication. By interpreting these trees through the lens of shamanism, the paper highights their role in the religious and social structure of Sanxingdui society, reflecting the high status of chiefs or priests who performed rituals with these objects to assert their authority and maintain cosmic order. The research emphazizes the need for future studies to explore the ideological and religious dimensions of these artifacts, moving beyond mythological interpretations to consider the cultural and social implication of the Sanxingdui bronze trees.

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Symbolic Study of the Bronze Trees from Sanxingdui

  • Chun Chen

摘要

This paper delves into the symbolic meaning and social function of the bronze trees unearthed at the Sanxingdui site, an archaeological discovery  that has captured scholars worldwide. The Sanxingdui artifacts, including a huge human figure, many masks and divine trees, present significant challenges to interpretation due to their complex and enigmatic nature. Drawing on religions anthropology and shaman art, the paper suggestes that the bronze trees, with their intricate design of birds and dragons, represent symbolic communication between the human realm and the divine, indicative of the theocratic and shamanistic nature of the Sanxingdui culture. Various hypotheses, such as the Fusang and Ruomu trees or the totem pole theories, have been proposed to explain the trees, but the paper posits that these divine trees are more likely representation of a shamanistic tree used in ritual to bridge the gap between Heaven and Earth. The birds on the branches symbolize spirits or deities facilitating this communication. By interpreting these trees through the lens of shamanism, the paper highights their role in the religious and social structure of Sanxingdui society, reflecting the high status of chiefs or priests who performed rituals with these objects to assert their authority and maintain cosmic order. The research emphazizes the need for future studies to explore the ideological and religious dimensions of these artifacts, moving beyond mythological interpretations to consider the cultural and social implication of the Sanxingdui bronze trees.