Rice based cropping is one of the most prominent cropping systems followed in different parts of India. During past few decades paddy cropping strategies is governed by certain abiotic (ecological issues) and biotic constraints (insect pests, diseases etc.). Among them, insect pests and disease-causing pathogens viz., fungi, bacteria and viruses are the major biotic constraints accounting for around 10–15% of annual yield losses. In Pertaining to increase in paddy production, insect pest and diseases became as major drivers in harming global food security. So, pesticides became a pivotal source to manage the economic losses due to various pest attack. But, in due course of time i.e., during the mid 1990 the usage of harmful persistent pesticides like organophosphates, carbamates etc. has been increased against the rice cropping system and rice crop addressed as the second most pesticide-consuming crop after cotton. Because of this excessive usage of these conventional pesticides leaded to resurgence and pesticidal resistance against insect pest and diseases which finally caused severe pest outbreak in rice farming system. To overcome the issues due to persistence of conventional pesticides farmers in India required controlled and target-specific pesticidal formulations. Then a new novel concept called Nanotechnology has been entered in minds of the scientific community to develop a nano based formulations known as nano pesticides. Nano pesticides are the micro sized particles which stores agrochemical properties in a nano form. Nano pesticides are controlled release, target specific and slow degradable formulations with enormous shelf life period. In comparison with harmful persistent pesticides, nanoformulations are environmentally safe and less toxic by increasing the dispersibility and wettability of pesticides.