The social conditioning of Indian sociology in its early days was deeply influenced by the colonial experience, the memory of the past glory, and the project of future political and cultural emancipation. The pioneers of Indian sociology uniformly shared certain visions of Indian society and preferred sociology to reflect on those. They spoke and wrote on a wide variety of issues while countering the overarching European criticisms. While doing so, they laid the foundations of a number of new fields of study and advocated new approaches, categories, and methods. As against the domination of western discourses, they strongly argued and worked for indigenizing sociology in India, thereby, laying the foundation of ‘Sociology for India’. Despite many common threads in their thinking, their paths were different.