Traumatic brain injuryTraumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability, with no existing therapies to reverse the damage. Current treatments focus on preventing further injury rather than restoring function. In this context, cellular therapy emerges as a promising avenue, with preliminary studies indicating benefits in rodents and humans. Evidence suggests that stem cells act via immunomodulation and interactions with the spleenSpleen, implying that it is less critical, as all cells first travel to the spleen and lungs. Various cellular therapies are under investigation, each with unique properties. For example, in rodent studies, neural stem cells (NSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cellsMultipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) have demonstrated potential. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCsMesenchymal stem cells) and bone marrow mononuclear cellsBone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) have been used in clinicalClinical studies trials and have shown both safety and efficacy. Overall, cellular therapies are promising for bridging the treatment gap in TBI, though more research must be done to standardize these practices before becoming commonplace.