Hypospadias and Epispadias
摘要
Hypospadias is a birth defect where the opening of the urethra is on the under surface (ventral surface) of the penis. It is essentially a ventral hypoplasia of penis wherein all the components on the ventral aspect ventral to the corporal bodies are hypoplastic to varying extent resulting in a triangular defect on the undersurface of penis with the base of triangle lying on the glans and apex lying where the corpus spongiosum starts deviating on either side of midline. Hypospadias is one of the most common urinary anomalies in children with an incidence in one in 300 boys. In epispadias, the urethral meatus is located dorsally and there is a dorsal choedee. A detailed knowledge of the anatomical defect is essential for successful surgical repair. The choice of repair depends on the type of the defect and preference of the surgeon.