Pediatric anesthesia is a subspeciality that deals with specialized care for children of all age groups undergoing surgery or any procedure. An optimum anesthesia plan involves evaluating children in preanesthesia checkups (PAC) in the clinic, where the patient is assessed for fitness to undergo anesthesia. They are given fasting instructions, and anesthesia plan is charted in PAC only. Consent for anesthesia and surgery should be checked before shifting to the operating room. Premedications are prescribed on the day of surgery to relieve anxiety; the aim is to shift the calm child to the operating room. In the OT, essential monitoring is connected to the patient before the induction of anesthesia. Minimal mandatory monitoring includes electrocardiography, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring, pulse oximetry temperature, and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring. Appropriate operating room temperature is vital when small kids are getting operated on. The newer inhalational agent, sevoflurane, ensures smooth induction of anesthesia. Propofol and sevoflurane are agents of choice for daycare surgeries. Selection of appropriately sized and types of airway equipment, e.g., anesthesia face mask, laryngeal mask airway, and endotracheal tube, is vital for patients’ airway management. All neuraxial and regional blocks are equally possible and effective in pediatric patients as in adults. Care is taken to provide optimal multimodal analgesia as a combination of opioids, nonsteroidal drugs, local anesthesia, and regional blocks to pediatric surgical patients. Using local anesthetics sometimes results in local anesthesia toxicity (LAST); prompt detection and early supportive treatment of LAST are recommended. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation is another ventilation strategy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be utilized in lung or cardiopulmonary failure.