Worldwide the incidence of kidney tumors comprises 3.2–11.1% of all pediatric cancers and has significant racial and pathological variations. The highest reported incidence is in sub-Saharan Africa, while the lowest proportions occur in East Asia. The overall incidence and survival vary according to the age of diagnosis, sex, race, and geography. The most prevalent malignant juvenile kidney tumor in the world is Wilms’ tumor (WT; nephroblastoma); other kidney masses that can be diagnosed include renal rhabdoid tumors, renal cell carcinomas (RCC), renal sarcomas, and other uncommon cancers.