Radiation therapy is a critical component in the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric cancers. It uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Pediatric patients often require tailored approaches due to their developing organs and higher sensitivity to radiation. Advances in techniques like proton therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) help reduce long-term side effects. Radiation is commonly used in brain tumors, lymphomas, and solid tumors such as Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Treatment planning involves close collaboration among oncologists, radiologists, and surgeons. Anesthesia may be required for younger children to ensure stillness during procedures. Long-term monitoring is essential to assess late effects, including growth disturbances and secondary cancers. Parental support and child life services play vital roles in thetreatment process. Ongoing research aims to refine techniques to improve outcomes and quality of life.