Organ transplantation (Tx) is one of the most dramatic and successful developments in modern medicine. A collaborative effort among different specialties—surgeons, physicians, immunologists, radiologists, intensive care specialists and basic scientists has ensured that advances in the laboratories have been rapidly brought to the bedside, thereby improving outcomes. Presently, Tx remains the sole life-saving option for patients with end-stage liver disease and the preferred option for those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).