A comprehensive analysis of policy proposals aimed at enhancing carbon sequestration and fostering sustainable environmental governance in China, including differentiated carbon sequestration responses across farmland, woodlands, and grasslands, emphasizing strategic interventions to maximize carbon retention. Key policy recommendations include the enhancement of farmland carbon sequestration capacity through optimized agricultural management, the protection and artificial regulation of woodland ecosystems to sustain long-term carbon storage, and the ecological restoration of grasslands to mitigate degradation. Additionally, it is important to explore the integration of remote sensing technology to improve carbon measurement accuracy and proposes the development of standardized indicators for carbon sequestration assessment. Governmental strategies focus on strengthening carbon sink markets, particularly for woodlands, farmland, and grasslands, while also promoting low-carbon urban development. A two-pronged approach is advocated, balancing macro-level policy interventions with micro-level public engagement to establish a green economic framework. We provides a strategic foundation for policymakers to advance carbon sequestration initiatives, reinforcing China’s commitment to global climate change mitigation.