Fermentation industry relies on glucose from starch hydrolysis or sucrose- and fructose-containing molasses as carbon sources for the million-ton-scale production of amino acids. Extensive metabolic engineering of the amino acid producing bacteria Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum to access alternative carbon and nitrogen substrates has provided improved production strains that have the potential to be used industrially for amino acid production from sustainable feedstocks that do not have competing uses as food or feed. About 14% of all food is thought to be lost between harvest and retail giving rise to wastes or sidestreams, e.g., straws, shells, peels, seeds from food processing. This chapter discusses the current state and prospects of amino acid production from agricultural sidestreams and food wastes. Exemplarily, we will summarize hydrolysis options for agricultural sidestreams and food wastes, utilization of monomeric and polymeric compounds as well as amino acid production using the complex mixtures of substrates present in hydrolysates.