Biomass is the only renewable resource capable of substituting petrochemical compounds derived from non-renewable raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas. Carbon-based compounds can be derived from biomass, utilizing non-edible raw materials from agriculture or forestry, presenting the most viable solution to replace fossil resources and, consequently, mitigate the associated environmental problems. Among the monomers that can be obtained from agricultural residues and food wastes, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) stands out due to its significant potential in the production of sustainable polymers and other valuable chemicals. FDCA is particularly important because it serves as a key building block for producing polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a promising biopolymer with superior barrier properties and mechanical strength compared to traditional plastics like polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This positions FDCA as a crucial component in advancing green chemistry and promoting the development of environmentally friendly materials. This chapter explores the versatile potential of FDCA, considering its importance and the challenges associated with its production. A comprehensive overview of the different methods of producing FDCA from biomass-derived precursors is provided, with a particular focus on the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), as it is the most extensively studied method in the literature. However, other production routes are also discussed in the chapter. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the significance of FDCA in sustainable polymer synthesis, emphasizing its role in the production of PEF and other biopolymers. It highlights the applications and future perspectives of FDCA in promoting sustainable industrial practices and reducing reliance on fossil-based materials.